Archive for the “mobile web” Category

Despite advocating for neutral design (not tied to one particular platform or device), I have been interested in libraries that are looking at iPhone/Touch/Pre applications to provide catalogue searching, collection information and so on. What I would love to see is a general library app that helps librarians and users find and access libraries all over. As anyone who uses public libraries knows, that information can get buried on council and municipality sites, and even academic libraries have found that their homepage links have been disappearing in increasing numbers.

What could such an app include?

  • Maps of all publicly accessible libraries near you (location aware) and at a given location worldwide
  • Information about access – can you use the Internet without a membership card? Are there access gates? Are books on open access shelves?
  • Are there local traveller services? One thing that has always struck me in all of my travels is how few libraries make available information about the local area in a prominent spot. So often I have had to be buried in the collection to find street directories, local maps or local travel guides, or ask at the reference desk for the librarian’s copy. It has always seemed like an obvious and easy service that libraries could provide since they have the resources already and because libraries are so often located in key areas in cities and towns.

    What else would you be interested in?

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Today I find myself perched in the foyer of the British Library, without enough ID to get a reader’s pass so instead of working, I am making the most of the free wifi here. Or at least I would, but for the service not working on my, ahem, brand new iPod Touch.

Those who follow my Twitter feed would know that I have gone back on forth on the why or why nots to get a Touch or an iPhone. An iPhone didn’t work for me because I don’t use cellular service very much at all, and the price plans didn’t seem logical. I had been holding out for a device that would function as a replacement for a laptop at conferences – eg ability to make videos, take photos, blog on the go etc.

So why did I get a iPod Touch, which doesn’t do most of those things? Apple in the UK are offering the Education bundle which includes a nearly-free iPod Touch, and so I got one yesterday. So far, I’ve loaded it up with RSS readers and social networking apps, but I am hoping to use location aware services that tap into semantic search, like a more accurate Urban Spoon that picks a restaurant for you based on where you are now or the quickest Underground route to get somewhere else.

A barrier to location aware services though is the availability of wifi. At home I can share my (somewhat poor) mobile broadband connection with my iPod using my MacBook. But when out and about, I rely on being able to pick up a connection. Connections with have an authentication service behind them, like that here at the British Library, are problemmatic. The SSID does’t show up (BL), or security apps need to be installed (UTS, Athens airport, EduRoam), or accounts need to be created in a browser (eg The Cloud). While organisations have good reasons for requiring authentication and acceptance of terms and conditions, it can make getting online with a Linux or Mac based system hard, let alone trying to do so with a mobile device. My mobile phone has wifi that I hardly ever use because of authentication layers.

It is very difficult to support platforms like mobile devices which have enormous diversity in operating systems, features and usage in different markets. I have noticed that Blackberries seem to be more popular in London than iPhones were in Sydney, and Push to Talk really does seem to be a feature that only those in the US use. Phones are completely different again in Japan (though I would buy a Japanese phone if I could) and serve very different needs in the African market. How can an organisation possibly provide a service like wifi that will enable all devices to connect easily and securely? How can we steer away from designing apps and authentication just for PCs, Android, or Symbian, or Palm and design universally? Is it even possible?

Beyond authentication, the dream of city-wide wifi seems to be long dead, with many announced project never coming to fruition and existing services mostly being run by a variety of subscription services that greatly restrict where you can get online. For example, I can use The Cloud with my mobile broadband account, but there are no hotspots near me. Yesterday, Ofcom in the UK released a report about Internet take-up across the UK. Turning the figures around, there are a lot of people who don’t have Internet at home (I currently am one of them – there is no phone line in my flat and cable Internet is not wired to my floor). There is a need to provide Internet in and out of the home other than private subscription, and wifi is one way to do it.

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It’s been a whirlwind couple of months, but one of the things I was happy to see at the 2008 IFLA Congress in Quebec City last month was a flyer for the Mobile Library service at the Aalborg Libraries in Denmark. The Mobile Library includes content specifically adapted for mobiles, as well as a mobile-friendly OPAC. Currently, the site is only available in Danish language but an English version is also being developed.

I was also hearing more discussions about mobile services while at the Congress, which is encouraging for future development.

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Most of us have one, but other than texting, calls and primitive PDA functions for smartphone users, what can you do with your phone? Is the mobile web going to take off or be used only by those with a large enough screen and 3G connection? Recently, there has been debate about the future of the mobile web, most feel that development of mobile-only sites will fall by the wayside while standards-compliant, flexible sites that can be used on any device will become more popular. I’m betting on the latter.

For a time, I had a subscription to a localised version of i-Mode, which provided mobile-only versions of sites and charged subscription rates to each site. It was a success in Japan, where many users use a mobile much more than a PC, but failed quickly in Australia where users wanted to access sites in a similar way on their mobiles as their PC.  Development now is about optimising existing sites for mobile access.

Why the mobile web matters

The mobile web has the potential to bridge part of the digital divide, especially in developing nations. People may be distant from broadband or a computer, but they are increasingly likely to have a mobile phone. As I’ve written previously, mobiles are being used for social organising, health information and other essential communication.

The development of the mobile web is helped by;

  • Use of text, to communicate with others users and internet sites
  • 3G network development
  • The availability of software designed for mobile web browsing, eg – Opera Mini, .mobi, Symbian
  • Increasing ownership of mobile-ready devices

The mobile web has the potential to be part of the semantic web, because of the potential for resource discovery. NTT DoCoMo, one of Japan’s largest telecommunication companies gives the example of discovering music [PDF] through Internet radio as a way of building ontologies and preferences.

What libraries are doing with the mobile web

Libraries are developing SMS reference services, mobile-friendly OPACs, and optimising content for mobile phone screens [PPT] . QR-Codes have potential for libraries – barcodes embedded in handouts or posters can send mobile users to further links, audio and information.

Further reading:

Is your site ready?

Mobile web emulators can help you to troubleshoot how your site displays on different devices, and Opera provides a simulator for the mobile version of their browser, Opera Mini. Test your site to see if it is mobile ready.

Guidelines and resources

Mobile Web Best Practices 1.0 Basic Guidelines W3C Proposed Recommendation, 2 November 2006
W3C Mobile Web Initiative

Blogs to watch

Got more resources you’d like to share? Add them to the wiki or leave a comment!

(Note: This was previously a page on the blog but I’ve moved and updated it, in case you thought you’d read ths before!)

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One of the biggest stories out of this year’s Mobile World Congress, being held this week in Barcelona, is that companies are making moves to cut exorbitant roaming fees for accessing the Internet on phones (within Europe, at least). This is significant as it has the possibility to impact the amount of browsing people do on their phones, and what they browse for. However it should be noted that they aren’t necessarily cutting rates voluntarily.

Right now, I’m living in the Netherlands and have a very basic pre-paid SIM for my phone. I brought my phone from Australia for which I have a $5/month contract for 50 mb of data. There are some great applications available for the Symbian platform but high prices keep me from browsing much more than email and the occasional news headlines.

But with moves to begin dropping prices, libraries should take a look at the example provided by libraries in Asia which are leading the way with downloads triggered by barcodes, and mobile-friendly catalogues and content. Find out more on the mobile web and the semantic library page.

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